ket课文：科学美国人60秒考古文章

领取《KET、官方PET真题总结，官网样卷，必备词汇，常用口语句型 》

Archeology is always full of mystery and appeal ...

RE2 UNIT 3 两篇文章的基本结构相似， 提出猜测和推断过程， 还有反驳和承认的部分。这类类似于破案推理的神秘，引起了极大的兴趣。当然， 好材料如果有好老师， 良好的气氛引导，才能体现价值。那种积极的课堂和学习，真的是我从未见过的，从课后交给我的教材中，我能看出他们的细心， 真是连老师一个字都没有错过。

笔记本更加认真整洁。

那么今天蜜雪老师也来献上一篇科学美国人60秒的考古文章，然后给大家朗读音频。

下列文章选自2020年4月美国科学杂志考古专栏，专门挑选。

与此同时为大家朗读本文，我今天因为模仿新闻节目，语速更快。

古代尿液的考古窗口——蜜雪老师来自蜜雪00英语:0002:54

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Bob Hirshon.

A 10,000-year-old archaeological site in central Turkey is helping scientists unlock the region's pee-historic past. That's right: the salty residue of ancient urine can reveal how and when humans went from hunter-gatherers to herder-farmers who kept and raised animals in their settlements.

土耳其中部有一个有10000年历史的考古遗址，正在帮助科学家解决这个地区的排尿历史。是的:古代尿液中的盐残留可以揭示人类是如何从狩猎收集者变成在定居地保留和饲养动物的放养种植者的。

"And so we thought, okay, what's a process that an animal would go through if it was being kept at the site, whether it's corralled between buildings or kept in other specific areas?"

Archaeologist Jordan Abell from Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. He's been studying the settlement of Aşıklı Höyük, located on a 16-meter-high mound near Turkey's Melendiz River.

"We thought, okay, well, these animals would be urinating all the time that they were on the mound."

“所以我们想，好吧，如果动物留在这个地方，它会经历什么过程，无论是被圈在建筑物之间还是放在其他特定的地方？”

他说：“我们想，嗯，这些动物在土丘上生活时总是小便。

In the dry climate of central Turkey, the sodium, chloride and nitrates from all that animal excretion would be trapped in the layers of earth onto which they were originally peed. Excavating those salts, layer by layer, should provide a timeline of animal populations at the site.

"And so we calculated, using a simple mass-balance approach, an estimate of the number of organisms that it would take to produce these large quantities of salt."

Abell and his colleagues found that from 10,000 years ago to about 9,700 years ago, the site jumped from having just a few large organisms' worth of whiz to more than 1,800.

所以，通过简单的质量平衡方法，我们可以计算出生产大量盐所需的生物数量。

从10,000年前到9700年前，艾贝尔和他的同事发现，这个地方的大型生物数量已经从少数增加到1800多种。

Of course, people pee too, so the researchers had to figure out which salts were from humans and which were from their animals. Luckily, the location of the salts provided clues—for example, high concentrations in narrow alleyways too small for animals.

"The general thought is that they might have been standing on their roofs and just peeing into these alleyways."

Something that goats and sheep do rarely, if ever. By subtracting contributions from humans, the researchers calculated that there had to be between 800 and 1,300 sheep and goats to account for the remaining pee. The study appears in the journal Science Advances.

假如山羊和绵羊这样做过，那也是很少见的情况。研究人员计算，为了产生剩余的尿液，必须有800到1300只绵羊和山羊。这项研究发表在《科学进步》杂志上。

If true, it means that animal domestication didn't originate solely in the Fertile Crescent of Mesopotamia, as many of us learned in history class.

"Our technique has been able to support that idea, that somewhere outside the Fertile Crescent, in this case in central Turkey, was developing this process at near the same time as has been shown elsewhere within the Fertile Crescent."

An important discovery, since the advent of herding and farming was a turning point for human civilization, leading to cities and modern society.

Abell points out that many archaeological sites have little in the way of physical evidence like bones and artifacts, but presumably all of them have pee. So his advice for other archaeologists who want to track animal and human populations? Look out for number one.

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Bob Hirshon.

假如是真的，那就意味着动物饲养并不像我们大多数人从历史课上学到的那样，只是起源于美索不达米亚的新月沃土。

“我们的技术已经能够支持这种观点，即在新月沃土以外的其他地方，比如这项研究中的土耳其中部地区，这个过程几乎同时发展在新月沃土中。”

因为畜牧业和农业的出现是人类文明的转折点，所以这是一个重要的发现，进而催生了城市和当今社会。

艾贝尔指出，很多考古遗址基本上没有骨骼、器皿等物理证据，但大概所有遗址都有尿液。他对其他想跟踪动物和人类物种的考古学家有什么建议？注意尿液。

感谢您收听科学美国人-60秒科学。我是鲍勃·赫尔尚。

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