ket语法：不同时态下动词的被动语态变化

在之前的语法精炼栏目中，备考君已经和大家整理了八种时态，限于篇幅，没有详细说明时态会对句子中的其他成分起到什么作用。学生也知道，在英语句子中，谓语和动词是受时态变化影响最大的。

动词在不同时态下的被动语态变化

1. 通常现在的被动语态：is/am/are V-ed。比如：English is widely spoken all over the world.

2. 过去的被动语态通常是：was/were V-ed。比如：The underground was built five years ago.

3. 一般未来的被动语态：①will/shall be V-ed。比如：The decision will be made at the meeting tomorrow.We shall be punished if we break the rule.②be going to be V-ed。比如：The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.③be to be V-ed。比如：The sports meet is to be held on April 20.

4. 当前完成时的被动语态：have/has been V-ed。比如：Many a house has been built in our city so far.

5. 当前进行的被动语态：is/am/are being V-ed。比如：The stadium is being built in the north of our city at present.

6. 在变被动语态时，短语动词不能丢失介词或副词，因为它是一个不可分割的整体。The nurse took good care of the patients.→The patients were taken good care of by the nurse.

7. 双宾语句子的被动语态:当双宾语句子变成被动结构时，一个句子可以变成主语，另一个句子(多为直接宾语)仍然保留在谓语后面。比如：My aunt gave me a bike.→I was given a bike by my aunt.→A bike was given to me by my aunt.

8.当含有复合宾语的句子变成被动结构时，宾语的补语相应地变成主语的补语。需要注意的是，主动语态中没有宾语补语的补语。to不定式，在变成被动语态时应带有to。

比如：

(1)The boss made his workers work hard for him every day.→His workers were made to work hard for him every day by the boss.(2)Everyone calls him Big Brother.→He was called Big Brother by everyone.(3)I saw him going into the supermarket.→He was seen going into the supermarket.

当含有情态动词的句子变成被动语态时，可以变成：情态动词 be/have been V-ed。比如：They must like the book very much.→The book must be liked very much by them.She must have known the truth.→The truth must have been known by her.

除上述动词语态变化外，还有一些另类动词，不用于被动语态。

主要词汇不用于被动语态。

以下，结合之前总结过的动词的其它语态变化，我们来锻炼一下语态转换的应用：

目标训练

1. Robert usually ______________ (go) to school on foot every morning.2. The train ______________ (leave) at 9:00 a.m, so you needn’t hurry.3. If my father ______________ (know) the truth, he will get angry.4. Preparations for the program ______________ (start) a year ago and ______________ (finish) in three months.5. Smoking ______________ (believe) to cause more than 6 million deaths worldwide each year.6. My childhood ______________ (make) magical because of the wonderful writer Roald Dahl.7. The couple ______________ (visit) China next month and they have bought the plane tickets.8. We ______________ (spend) next weekend in Hainan with the Greens.9. Up to now, nine miners ______________ (rescue) from the mine by the rescue team.10. Much of the research ______________ (take place) during the winter, when trees are bare (光秃).

Key【答案】

1. goes2. leaves3. knows4. were started; will be finished5. is believed6. was made7. will visit/are visiting8. will spend/are spending9. have been rescued10. takes place